… Un fonctionnement économique loin des normes.
English version below
© C. Dutilleul
Durant le régime militaire, des hommes d’affaires ont monté des empires économiques avec le soutien des généraux ; sans formation particulière, sans fortune familiale puisque le pays sortait d’une période socialiste, ils ont élargi leurs secteurs d’activité selon les opportunités. Le mode d’attribution des contrats montre le lien très important entre le pouvoir et l’économie, l’impossibilité de faire jouer la concurrence.
Ces privilégiés rivalisent et à présent, s’impliquent dans des projets culturels, sportifs qui les rendent populaires ou tentent de mettre en avant un aspect social ; certains se sont lancés dans le « micro-crédit » (le terme « micro » s’appliquant au montant prêté et non au taux d’intérêt proposé) …
Tay Za, dit avoir investi en 10 ans US $ 6 millions dans des projets sociaux sans aucune clarté. Il consacre une infime part des revenus à des projets. I
ls ne sont en rien des entrepreneurs responsables, dans le sens où leurs revenus proviennent de privilèges, de terrains cédés et où, jusqu’aux années 2010, ils n’ont pas payé d’impôts.
Comment ça marche ?
Le contrôle de l’État sur l’économie ne laisse aucune place à ceux qui n’ont pas été choisis. Les contrats de l’État sont attribués sans mise en concurrence.
Quelques exemples : Dans une interview à Raimondo Bultrini, Tay Za y reconnait que ses liens avec les militaires lui ont permis de créer ses dizaines d’entreprises et de dégager 500 millions US $ de chiffre d’affaires par an. Il a obtenu le contrat, entre autres, de la construction de Naypidaw, la nouvelle capitale.
Tun Myint Naing (Steven Law) obtient, lui aussi, un contrat de la construction de Naypidaw, de routes dans l’État Shan, de la rénovation de l’aéroport de Rangoon, de l’autoroute entre Mandalay et Muse, de la construction du port de Rangoon, de 2 des barrages sur l’Irrawaddy, du projet Shwe dans l’Arakan, l’aéroport international de Naypidaw.
Zaw Zaw s’est vu attribuer la construction du port en eaux profondes de Dawei projet d’un montant de US $8.6 milliards et financé majoritairement par la Thaïlande. Très proche de Than Shwe, il l’a accompagné lors de son voyage en Chine.
De plus, pour s’assurer une connexion prioritaire dans les secteurs de leurs groupes, les hommes d’affaires créent des réseaux par le biais d’associations professionnelles.
Qui sont ces privilégiés ?
Tun Myint Naing (Steven Law)
Il est le fils de Lo Hsing Han, chef d’une milice locale qui faisait le trafic d’opium et lutta aux côtés de l’armée birmane contre les communistes, condamné à mort en Thaïlande pour trafic de drogue puis relâché lors de l’amnistie de1980. La fortune familiale est liée aux narcotiques.
Tun Myint Naing (Steven Law), proche de Tin Aung Myint Oo dirigeant le Burma’s Trade Policy Council et Commandant des opérations militaires à Kyaukme. Sous Khin Nyunt, il sert d’intermédiaire pour négocier les cessez-le-feu, obtient des contrats du gouvernement et l’autorisation de poursuivre le trafic de drogue. Il détient 10 % du Traders Hotel à Rangoon.
Il fonde en 1992 Asia World Co, la plus grosse société birmane et obtient la construction de la route Mandalay/ Lashio/ Muse. En 1995 Il épouse Cecilia Ng qui dirige Golden Aaron Pte Ltd (associée à la MOGE et China National Offshore Oil Company Ltd pour l’extraction du gaz à Kyauk Phyu. Il se voit attribuer la construction de Naypidaw, de routes dans l’état Shan, la rénovation de l’aéroport de Rangoon. Il gère la compagnie de bus Leo Express, accusée de trafic de drogue et de blanchiment par le biais de Asia World.
En 2006, selon The Observer, il participe au financement du mariage de la fille de Than Shwe. Asia World se voit attribuer le contrat de construction du port de Rangoon
En 2008 il reçoit des contrats de reconstruction après le cyclone Nargis et obtient une licence d’importation d’huile de table.
En 2010 il se voit refuser une licence pour la création d’une banque privée. Il obtient le contrat de construction du port de Kyauk Pyu, du gazoduc et du pipe entre la côte de l’Arakan à Kunming en Chine, participe aux projets hydroélectriques de Myitsone et de Tasang , il construit l’aéroport international de Naypidaw. Il est toujours un intermédiaire important entre le gouvernement et les officiels chinois
Tay Za
Il quitte quitte l’Académie militaire des services de la défense avant la fin des études et reprend le commerce familial du riz. En 1987, il créé Htoo Trading Company (exportation de teck et de riz). Il se rapproche des généraux Than Shwe et Shwe Mann, obtient des concessions de forêt dans l’État Karen, Bago Division et le Tenasserim. Htoo Trading Company devient Htoo Group of Companies (secteurs de la construction, l’agriculture, les transports, le tourisme).
En 1990, il créé Myanmar Avia Export Company Ltd pour fournir des pièces détachées à l’armée, représente le fabricant d’avions MAPO et d’hélicoptères Rostvertol. Selon plusieurs experts et le Trésor américain, il a utilisé ces sociétés pour acheter avions et hélicoptères pour fournir l’armée alors que le pays était sous embargo.
En 2004 il créé Air Bagan Limited, 1e compagnie aérienne privée. Tay Za investit avec un français dans le restaurant Le Molière et construit le centre commercial Myanmar Shopping Center à Rangoon. En 2005 Il se voit attribuer le marché de la construction de Naypidaw (avec Asia World Co.). Il est mis en cause par Global Witness qui l’accuse d’aggraver la déforestation dans ses concessions, directement et par le biais de sociétés plus petites qui revendent à Htoo Trading Company.
En 2006 il s’implique dans l’extraction du jade (à Pakhant), rachète des blocs aux petits propriétaires. Il accompagne une délégation en Russie pour discuter d’achat d’armes. Il fait l’objet d’une enquête du Ministère des finances qui aboutit à l’imposition de ses revenus. Il sponsorise le Yangon United Football club et affirme avoir dépensé en 10 ans US $ 6 millions pour des projets sociaux, très peu en fait, au regard de ses revenus.
Tay Za obtient une licence pour importer du fuel, attribue un poste au conseil d’administration d’une de ses sociétés à Aung Thet Mann, fils du Gen Shwe Mann (N° 3 de la junte).
Thida Zaw, sa femme, achète la London Cigarette Company contrôlant l’industrie du tabac.
Tay Za possède des entreprises à Singapour : Pavo Trading (commerce de bois et de produits de la mer), Htoo Transportation Services (transport lourd et maritime) Htoo Wood Products (meubles et bois).
Sur internet, le fils de Tay Za, Htet Tay Za, alors âgé de 19 ans, s’exprimait sur les sanctions économiques : « US bans us, we’re still fucking cool in Singapore. We’re sitting on the whole Burma GDP. We’ve got timber, gems and gas to be sold to other countries like Singapore, China, India and Russia. »
Tay Za est suspecté d’avoir aidé Than Shwe à fuir à Dubaï après les manifestations de 2007 et fait l’objet de sanctions des USA et de l’Union européenne. En 2010 Il obtient une licence pour la création d’une banque : Asia Green Development Bank.
Le Courrier International a publié une interview de Tay Za à Raimondo Bultrini : « Vos sanctions vont nous jeter dans les bras de Pékin ». Tay Za y reconnait que ses liens avec les militaires lui ont permis de créer ses dizaines d’entreprises dans des secteurs aussi divers que les hélicoptères ou les rubis, et de dégager US $500 millions de chiffre d’affaires par an. Il reconnait que les sanctions sont sans effet. Selon lui, les sanctions économiques jettent la Birmanie dans les mains de la Chine qui investit en échange de nouvelles concessions. Tay Za s’étonne qu’il n’y ait pas de sanctions envers le Chine, et que la France et les États-Unis n’imposent pas le retrait de Chevron et Total.
Tay Za possède 3 hôtels à Ngwe Saung, dont le Myanmar Treasure ; il gère aussi le camp des éléphants. En mars 2013, il fait raser un quartier pour construire un nouvel hôtel de luxe.
Zaw Zaw
1996 : naissance dans le delta, il a 6 frères et sœurs. Son père était fonctionnaire. Gendre de Thein Tun (homme d’affaires proche du régime), il est aussi proche de Than Shwe et du Gen Tin Aung Myint Oo, Il débute son ascension grâce à ses relations.
En 1993 il crée Max Myanmar Group of Companies, (boissons, pierres précieuses et jade, transports, construction, tourisme, huile de palme, hévéa, import-export de moteurs, pièces mécaniques).
En 2005, il obtient le contrat de construction de la route de Naypidaw et crée une société hôtelière. Il développe ensuite une mine de jade en joint-venture avec le gouvernement. Max Myanmar entretient le pont de Thanlwin et touche les péages (400 Kyats le passage/voiture). Il lance une plantation d’hévéa dans l’Etat Mon State (2 000 ha). Il construit un hôtel à Chaung Tha (Hotel Max), un à Naypidaw, le Royal Kumudra Hotel.
En 2008 il obtient des contrats de reconstruction après le cyclone Nargis et pour la construction de deux stades (Mandalay Advanced Stadium et le gymnase de Chanmyathazi).
2010 : alors que le gouvernement privatise, Max Myanmar achète 12 stations d’essence et le terrain sur lequel sera construit le Novotel ; il obtient une licence bancaire. Il dit avoir participé à des projets sociaux entre 1993 et 2012 pour US $ 2,3 millions. Il est encore sur la liste noire des USA (manque de clarté de ses affaires, évasion fiscale et d’allégation de violations de droits humains). Il est Président de la Myanmar Football Federation et dirige la Fédération de Tennis. Il accompagne Than Shwe et sa famille en Chine et obtient le contrat de construction du port de Dawei.
2011 : Zaw Zaw se lance dans ce qu’il appelle le « microcrédit » (800 millions de Kyats en 2009 et 1.6 milliard de Kyats en 2010 , au taux d’intérêt de 2% par mois ( 24 % /an). Les fermiers doivent rembourser sur huit mois et acheter les graines et les engrais à la société par sa filiale,
2013 En 2013, Max Myanmar emploie 11 000 personnes.
Aung That Mann
Il est diplômé du Rangoon Institute of Economics, fils du Gal Shwe Mann (Chef d’état-major des armées, ex-Commandant de l’Irrawaddy Division).
En 1997 il est recruté par Tay Za comme Directeur de Ayer Shwe Wah Co Ltd, filiale de Htoo Trading Company (secteur de la construction, la production d’huile de palme et l’import-export de produits chimiques et intrants agricoles).
En 2001 le gouvernement accorde à Ayer Shwe Wah 30 000 acres (soit 12 000 hectares) de terres rizicoles dans le delta. En 2005 il obtient pour sa société une licence d’exportation du riz vers le Bangladesh et Singapour.
Htay Myint
Il fonde en 1994 Yuzana Company (transports, construction, tourisme, production de l’huile de palme et d’hévéa, supermarchés, hôtel Ngwe Saung) et une raffinerie de pétrole à Thaketa). La société Yuzana a bénéficié de prêts du gouvernement.
En 2006, Yuzana Company, qui fait à Pathein l’élevage de poissons et de crevettes commence à saisir des terres sans compensations avec l’aide de l’armée de l’air (5 zones d’élevages de crevettes à Ngwe Saung). Yuzana se voit accorder par Than Shwe 809 km2 au milieu de la Réserve des Tigres (État Kachin)pour faire de la monoculture . Un rapport de Kachin Development Network, « Valley of Darkness » montre l’impact social et environnemental important du projet.. En 2007, les confiscations de terres démarrent ; les paysans se mobilisent. Birdlife International signale les disparitions d’espèces. Yuzana obtient le contrat de remise en état de la route de Ledo entre Mytkyna et Danai et prélèvera une taxe routière pendant 30 ans.
2009 : La société recrute 3 000 travailleurs, la plupart sinistrés du cyclone Nargis pour un salaire de 35 000 Kyats par mois (35 €), promesse non respectée. Avec l’armée, la sté Yuzana a démarré la construction d’une usine, d’habitations pour 1 000 salariés ; la société a fait suivre à 800 employés un entraînement militaire.
Il est Président de la Construction Owners Association, la Fishing Vessel Owners Association, de la Myanmar Projects Association, de la Myanmar Fisheries Federation, de la Construction Owners Association et de la Fishing Vessel Owners Associations qui lui donnent accès aux réseaux correspondants. Il a financé le Southern Myanmar United Football Club représentant le Tenasserim assurant sa popularité.
Serge Pun (1953 – )
En 1965, Il part à Pékin, passe plusieurs années plusieurs en camp de rééducation. En 1973 Il démarre sa carrière commerciale à Hong Kong et rentre en Birmanie en 1989.
En 1991, Il fonde la multinationale Serge Pun & Associates Limited (SPA Myanmar : 40 entreprises allant des services financiers à l’industrie, la technologie, le bâtiment, l’immobilier, l’automobile et la santé. Il créé des partenariats avec Nissan et Suzuki, Sumitomo Corporation of Japan, et des investisseurs américains, européens et asiatiques.
En 1992 il créé la First Myanmar Investment Co Ltd, dont les filiales sont : Yoma Bank dont il détient 35.6% des parts, Myanmar Nissan, Pagan Inn, FMI Variety City, Shine Laundry, Suzuki Motorcycle, Suzuki Assembly Plant, FMI Center. Il ouvre le Pun Hlaing Golf Club.
En 2005, Il ouvre le Pun Hlaing International Hospital, hôpital privé. Serge Pun a de nombreux projets internationaux (Sand River Golf & Country Club en Chine, le Steward Terrace on the Peak et le Village Gardens à Hong Kong).
Kyaw Win
Kyaw Win (1948-) a des contacts avec le Gen Maung Aye, ex-numéro 2. Naissance dans une famille chinoise pauvre dans l’État Shan et étudie à Mandalay. Il travaille à Tachileck dans le commerce frontalier, obtient en 1989 une concession près de la Thaïlande et commercialise le bois.
En 1991 il fonde la May Flower Trading Company. En 1994, il crée la Myanmar May Flower Bank, la seule banque à pouvoir faire des opérations avec l’étranger, investit aussi dans des projets immobiliers, l’élevage de crevette, la pisciculture et l’importation de machines-outils.
En 1997, Il rachète Yangon Airways. En 1998 il vend ses parts de la May Flower Bank. L’activité de la banque ralentit puis est fermée par ordre du gouvernement pour blanchiment d’argent.
Kyaw Win est aussi – Directeur de la Chin-Su Co Ltd, – Président de la Chin-Su May Flower Plywood Industry (contreplaqué),– de la TN Resources Pte Co Ltd (Singapour), de Pathum Thani Saw Mill Co Ltd, (Thaïlande). – Il possède aussi MGS est impliqué dans une joint-venture avec UMEH concernant des projets immobiliers; Pioneer Venture Co Ltd… – Myanmar Development International Co Ltd, (secteur du latex et du bois à Pegu). – Cycle and Carriage Golden Star Co Ltd fait le commerce des bicyclettes et des voitures. – Lin International Co Ltd fait de l’import-export. – Myanmar Steel Industry Co, Ltd, produit des tôles à Shwepyitha. – Kyaw Win in est impliqué dans les projets agricoles de Rangoon, et les Divisions de l’Irrawaddy et de Magwe. Il contrôle aussi le Myanmar Computer Co Ltd, MGS Commercial Co Ltd, Myanmar Industry Co Ltd et MGS Engineering Co Ltd
Eike Htun
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Originaire du Kokang, il démarre en vendant du thé à Rangoon puis il fut chauffeur de camion. En 1994, il crée Asia Wealth Bank (AWB). et dirige Olympic Construction Co qui deviendra ensuite Shwe Taung Group (of Companies), (secteur de la construction d’immeubles résidentiels et d’hôtels). Selon le site internet de la société, le groupe emploie 6000 salariés et a obtenu un contrat du Ministère de l’énergie pour le projet hydroélectrique de Yeywa Hydropower, la construction de la Banque Centrale le Wisaya Plaza, et l’Olympic Tower. La société a aussi des projets agricoles dans le delta, la division de Magwe.et le pont de Pakkoku., la route surélevée Hledan Junction Road à Rangoon, terminée en 2013, le Ruby Hall à Naypyiaw, une salle des fêtes de 60 000 m2 pour accueillir le sommet de l’ASEAN de 2014. Michael Moe Myint Pyi Aung et Nay Aung Aung Ko Win Chit Khaing Win Aung Thein Tun Maung Weik Tun Lin Khin Shwe Ne Win Tun |
An economy in the hands of a few cronies… far from international standards.
During the military regime, businessmen set up economic empires with the support of the generals; without particular training, without family fortune since the country was coming out of a socialist period,
The way in which contracts are awarded shows the very important link between power and the economy, the impossibility of competition. These cronies compete and now get involved in cultural and sporting projects that make them popular or try to highlight a social aspect; some have embarked on « micro-credit » (the term « micro » applies to the amount lent and not to the proposed interest rate) …
Tay Za, says he has invested US$6 million in social projects in 10 years without any clarity. It spends a very small amount of revenue on projects. They are in no way responsible entrepreneurs, in the sense that their income comes from privileges, and, until the years 2010, they did not pay taxes.
How does it work?
State control over the economy leaves no room for those who have not been chosen. Government contracts are awarded without competition.
Some examples: In an interview with Raimondo Bultrini, Tay Za admits that his links with the military allowed him to create his tens of companies and generate US$500 million in turnover per year.
Tun Myint Naing (Steven Law) is also awarded a contract for the construction of Naypidaw, roads in Shan State, the renovation of Rangoon Airport, the highway between Mandalay and Muse, the construction of the port of Rangoon, 2 dams on the Irrawaddy, the Shwe project in Arakan, Zaw Zaw was awarded the construction of the deep-water port of Dawei project worth US$8.6 billions and financed mainly by Thailand. Very close to Than Shwe, he accompanied him during his trip to China.
Moreover, to ensure a priority connection in the sectors of their groups, businessmen create networks through professional associations.
Who are the cronies ?
Tun Myint Naing (Steven Law)
He is the son of Lo Hsing Han, leader of a local militia that trafficked opium and fought with the Burmese army against the communists. In 1973, Lo Hsing Han was sentenced to death in Thailand for drug trafficking and then released during the 1980 amnesty. The family fortune is linked to narcotics.
Tun Myint Naing (Steven Law) is close to Tin Aung Myint Oo, ex Commander of Military Operations in Kyaukme. Under Khin Nyunt, he was an intermediary to negotiate ceasefires and obtained contracts and authorization to continue drug trafficking. He owns 10% of the Traders Hotel in Rangoon.
In 1992, he founded Asia World Co and got a contract for the construction of the Mandalay / Lashio-Muse road. In 1995 he married Cecilia Ng who runs Golden Aaron Pte Ltd (partner at MOGE and China National Offshore Oil Company Myanmar Ltd for gas extraction in Kyauk Phyu). He got a contract for the construction of Naypidaw, roads in Shan state, the renovation of Rangoon airport. He runs the Leo Express bus company, accused of drug trafficking and money laundering.
In 2006, according to The Observer, he financed part the marriage of Than Shwe’s daughter. Asia World got the contract for the construction of Rangoon port. In 2008 Steven Law got reconstruction contracts after Nargis Cyclone and a licence to import table oil.
In 2010 he was refused a licence to set up a private bank but got the contract for the Kyauk Pyu port construction, the pipeline and the gas-pipe between the Arakan coast and Kunming in China, participated in the hydroelectric projects of Myitsone and Tasang , he built the international airport of Naypidaw. He is still an important intermediary between the government and Chinese officials; he accompanies President Thein Sein in 2011 during his trip to China.
Tay Za
He left the Military Academy of Defence Services, married Thida Zaw and took over the family rice business.
In 1987, he created Htoo Trading Company (export of teak and rice). He approached Generals Than Shwe and Shwe Mann and got forest concessions in Karen State, Bago Division and Tenasserim. Htoo Trading Company becomes Htoo Group of Companies (construction, agriculture, transportation, tourism) is the 5th largest exporter in the country.
In 1990, he created Myanmar Avia Export Company Ltd to supply spare parts to the army, representing the manufacturer of MAPO aircraft and helicopters Rostvertol. According to several experts and the US Treasury, he used these companies to buy planes and helicopters for the army while the country was under embargo.
In 2004 he created Air Bagan Limited, the first private airline. Tay Za invests in Le Molière restaurant and builds the Myanmar Shopping Center in Rangoon.
In 2005 he was awarded the construction contract for Naypidaw (with Asia World Co.). He is accused by Global Witness of deforestation in his concessions, directly and through smaller companies that sell to Htoo Trading Company. In 2006 he invests in jade extraction (in Pakhant), buys blocks from small owners. He goes to Russia with a delegation to discuss the purchase of weapons. He sponsors the Yangon United Football club and claims to have spent US$6 million in 10 years on social projects, very little in fact, compared to his income.
Tay Za gets a licence to import fuel oil. Thida Zaw, his wife, bought the London Cigarette Company, which controlled the tobacco industry.
Tay Za has companies in Singapore: Pavo Trading (timber and seafood trade), Htoo Transportation Services (heavy and maritime transport) Htoo Wood Products (furniture and wood). His sons Pye Phyo Za and Htet Tay Za studied there (Htet Tay Za at the United World College of South East Asia).
On the internet, Tay Za’s 19-year-old son, Htet Tay Za, spoke about economic sanctions: US bans us, we’re still fucking cool in Singapore. We’re sitting on the whole Burma GDP. We’ve got timber, gems and gas to be sold to other countries like Singapore, China, India and Russia.”
Tay Za has been suspected of helping Than Shwe flee to Dubai after the 2007 protests and is subject to sanctions from the US and the European Union. In 2010 he obtaines a license to create a bank: Asia Green Development Bank.
The International Courier publishes an interview with Tay Za to Raimondo Bultrini: “Your sanctions will throw us into the arms of Beijing”. Tay Za admits that his ties with the military have allowed him to create his dozens of companies in sectors as diverse as helicopters or rubies, and generate US$500 million in sales per year. He acknowledges that the sanctions are ineffective. According to him, economic sanctions are throwing Burma into the hands of China, which is investing in exchange for new concessions. Tay Za is surprised that there are no sanctions against China, and that France and the United States do not impose the withdrawal of Chevron and Total.
In 2011 Tay Za owns 3 hotels in Ngwe Saung, including the Myanmar Treasure; he also manages the elephant camp. In March 2013, he demolished a neighborhood of a hundred houses to build a new luxury hotel.
Zaw Zaw
1996: Born in the delta, he has 6 siblings. His father was a civil servant. Son-in-law of Thein Tun (businessman close to the regime), he is also close to Than Shwe and Gen Tin Aung Myint Oo, He begins his ascension thanks to his relationships.
In 1993 he created Max Myanmar Group of Companies, (drinks, precious stones and jade, transport, construction, tourism, palm oil, rubber, import-export of engines, mechanical parts).
In 2005, he obtained the contract to build the Naypidaw road and created a hotel company and developed a jade mine as a joint venture with the government. Max Myanmar maintains the Thanlwin bridge. He starts a rubber plantation in Mon State (2,000 ha). He builds a hotel in Chaung Tha (Hotel Max), one in Naypidaw, the Royal Kumudra Hotel.
In 2008 he obtains reconstruction contracts after Cyclone Nargis and for the construction of two stadiums (Mandalay Advanced Stadium and the Chanmyathazi Gymnasium).
2010: while the government privatizes, Max Myanmar buys 12 gas stations and the land on which the Novotel will be built; he obtains a banking license. He says he participated in social projects between 1993 and 2012 for US$2.3 million. He is still on the US blacklist (lack of clarity of business, tax evasion and allegations of human rights violations). He is President of the Myanmar Football Federation and head of the Tennis Federation. He goes with Than Shwe to China and obtains the contract to build Dawei port. 2011 Zaw Zaw starts what he calls « microcredit » (800 million Kyats in 2009 and 1.6 billion Kyats in 2010, at a2 % interest rate per month (24% per year). Farmers must pay back over eight months and buy seeds and fertilizers from the company through its subsidiary,
2013 In 2013, Max Myanmar employs 11,000 people.
Aung That Mann
He graduates at the Rangoon Institute of Economics, is the son of General Shwe Mann (Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces, former Commander of the Irrawaddy Division).
In 1997 he is recruited by Tay Za as Director of Ayer Shwe Wah Co Ltd, a subsidiary of Htoo Trading Company (construction sector, palm oil production and import-export of chemicals and agricultural inputs).
In 2001, the government grants Ayer Shwe Wah 30,000 acres (or 12,000 hectares) of rice land in the delta. In 2005 he obtains a licence to export rice to Bangladesh and Singapore.
Htay Myint
In 1994 he starts Yuzana Company (transport, construction, tourism, palm oil and rubber production, supermarkets, Ngwe Saung Hotel) and an oil refinery in Thaketa) that received government loans.
In 2006, Yuzana Company, which farms fish and shrimp in Pathein, seizes land without compensation with the help of the Air Force (5 areas of shrimp farms in Ngwe Saung). Yuzana is granted by Than Shwe (809 km2 in the middle of the Tiger Reserve (Kachin State). A report by the Kachin Development Network, “Valley of Darkness” shows the significant social and environmental impact of the project. In 2007, land confiscations began; farmers mobilized. Birdlife International reports species disappearances.
Yuzana gets the Ledo road rehabilitation contract between Mytkyna and Danai and will levy a road tax for 30 years
2009: The company recruits 3,000 workers, including a share of those affected by Cyclone Nargis, and promises them a salary of 35,000 Kyats per month (€35), a promise not kept. With the army, the Yuzana company started building a factory, housing for 1,000 employees; the company sent 800 employees to military training.
He is President of the Construction Owners Association, the Fishing Vessel Owners Association, the Myanmar Projects Association, the Myanmar Fisheries Federation, of the Construction Owners Association and the Fishing Vessel Owners Associations which give it access to the corresponding networks. It funded the Southern Myanmar United Football Club representing the Tenasserim ensuring its popularity.
Serge Pun (1953 – )
In 1965, he went to Beijing, spent several years in re-education camp. In 1973 he began his commercial career in Hong Kong and returned to Burma in 1989.
In 1991, he founded the multinational Serge Pun & Associates Limited (SPA Myanmar: 40 companies ranging from financial services to industry, technology, building, real estate, automotive and health.
In 1992 he creates the First Myanmar Investment Co Ltd, whose subsidiaries are: Yoma Bank of which he holds 35.6% of the shares, Myanmar Nissan, Pagan Inn, FMI Variety City, Shine Laundry, Suzuki Motorcycle, Suzuki Assembly Plant, FMI Center. He opens the Pun Hlaing Golf Club. In 2005, he opened the Pun Hlaing International Hospital, a private hospital. Serge Pun has many international projects (Sand River Golf & Country Club in China, Steward Terrace on the Peak and Village Gardens in Hong Kong).
Kyaw Win
Kyaw Win (1948-) has contacts with Gen Maung Aye, ex-number 2. Born into a poor Chinese family in Shan State and studied in Mandalay, worked in Tachileck in the border trade, obtained a forest concession near Thailand in 1989. In 1991 he founded the May Flower Trading Company. In 1994, he creates the Myanmar May Flower Bank, the only bank operating abroad, also invests in real estate projects, shrimp farming, fish farming and the importation of machine tools.
In 1998, he sold his shares in May Flower Bank. The activity of the bank slows down and is then closed by order of the government for money laundering.
Kyaw Win is also Director of Chin-Su Co Ltd, Chairman of Chin-Su May Flower Plywood Industry, TN Resources Pte Co Ltd (Singapore), Pathum Thani Saw Mill Co Ltd (Thailand). He also owns MGS and is involved in a joint venture with UMEH on real estate projects; Pioneer Venture Co Ltd…– Myanmar Development International Co Ltd, (Pegu Latex and Wood Sector). – Cycle and Carriage Golden Star Co Ltd. trades in bicycles and cars – Lin International Co Ltd does import-export. Myanmar Steel Industry Co, Ltd. produces sheet metal in Shwepyitha. – Kyaw Win in is involved in the agricultural projects of Rangoon, and the Irrawaddy and Magwe Divisions. It also controls Myanmar Computer Co Ltd, MGS Commercial Co Ltd, Myanmar Industry Co Ltd and MGS Engineering Co Ltd.
Eike Htun
Originally from Kokang, he started by selling tea in Rangoon.
In 1994, he creates Asia Wealth Bank (AWB). and Olympic Construction Co, which will later become Shwe Taung Group (of Companies), (residential and hotel construction sector). According to the company’s website. The group employs 6,000 people and gets a contract from the Ministry of Energy for the Yeywa Hydropower hydroelectric project, the construction of the Central Bank the Wisaya Plaza, and the Olympic Tower. The company also has agricultural projects in the Delta, Magwe Division and Pakkoku Bridge, Hledan Junction Road in Rangoon (completed in 2013), the Ruby Hall in Naypyiaw, a 60,000 m2 party hall to host the 2014 ASEAN Summit.
In 2000, The Irrawaddy revealed the organization of its drug trafficking and the US imposed sanctions on AWB suspected of money laundering. Burmese government will close AWB bank for failure to comply with foreign exchange regulations
In 2012, the company obtained from the government a plot of 200,000 m2 in the middle of a shopping mall.
During the privatization (2010/ 2011), it bought a large number of Crown corporations and 250 gas stations. He heads Octagon International Services Co. Ltd (import of heavy equipment for mining and construction).
In 2008 he created a cement plant in Pyi Nyaung (Shwe Taung Development Co, Ltd), with the agreement of the Ministry of Mines. In 2010 it was completed by Shwe Taung Cement Co., Ltd. (the whole has an annual capacity of 450,000 tons).
High Tech Concrete Technology Co., Ltd. (HTCT) produces cement for contracts with the Ministry of Energy, including for bridges and water projects such as Yeywa, Upper Paunglaung near Naypyidaw, Thahtay and Ann en Arakan and Upper Yeywa in the southern Shan state. The company also invests in road infrastructure and energy through Future Energy Co., Ltd. through contracts with the Ministry of Energy, such as the Baluchaung No. 3 hydropower project near Loikaw.
– Eike Htun’s Olympic Construction Co invests heavily in residential estate in Rangoon; in 2011 he gets a plot of 12 acres for 70 years to start a US$ 150 million project near the Shwedagon pagoda on the site of the British War Office to build a luxury hotel, a private hospital and a shopping mall.
Michael Moe Myint
In 1987, Michael Moe Myint, former pilot of Myanmar Airways, works in California. In 1989, he creates Myint & Associates Group Companies involved in services, basic products, construction, logistics, maintenance.
Myint & Associates currently is involved in the Yadana and Yetagun project. He has international relations, having worked as a consultant. Among his clients: Total, Unocal, Halliburton, Premier Oil, Petronas and Daewoo. His daughter married a son of Gen Shwe Mann, ex-3rd man of the country.
Pyi Aung and Nay Aung
They are the sons of Aung Thaung, ex-Minister of Industry, close to Than Shwe and Maung Aye. Pyi Aung, is married to Nandar Aye, daughter of Maung Aye.
In 2001, the two brothers founded Aung Yee Phyo Co Ltd and IGE Co Ltd (oil extraction, agricultural products and timber trade, import of mechanical and electrical tools, steel and fertilizer. In 2007, IGE signed a contract with Rimbunan Petrogas Ltd, partner of the MOGE for exploration in Arakan. In 2010, Nay Aung obtained (May 2010) a license to create a bank: Amara Bank.
Aung Ko Win
In 1980, Aung Ko Win taught Maung Aye’s daughter. In 2000, he became President of Kanbawza Bank and several companies including Myanmar Billion Group Co Ltd, Nilar Yoma Co Ltd, Kanbawza Hospital in Taunggyi, Shwegonedaing Specialist Cliinic in Rangoon. Nilar Yoma Co Ltd is involved in gold and precious stones extraction at Mong Hsu in Shan state. He has a major cement plant in Pimpet (Shan State).. He leads the National Football Squad, sponsors the Burma’s national football team and donated US$2.85 million to public projects including the restoration of Shwedagon Pagoda.
Chit Khaing
He was conected to Khin Nyunt when he was in power. In 1980, he started with a restaurant in Rangoon then founded Eden Group Co (construction sector); the group got government contracts, including 3 universities: Panglong University (Shan State), the Government Technological Institute in Myingyan, (Magwe Division), and Pakokku University. He invests in tourist areas like Putao (Kachin State) where he builds guest houses and hotels.
In 2008, he builds luxury residences (Marina Residence) for US$4.8 million. He is on the list of 19 persons who have had ties to Khin Nyunt and who are under investigation but havs never been arrested. In 2009, he obtained a licence to create a bank, the Myanma Leading .
He chairs the Myanmar Rice Industry Association, established by the government to promote rice exports.
Win Aung
In 1990, he co-founded with Win Thein Dagon International Ltd. (construction, agriculture, trade, import-export). The company got a contract to renovate the Rangoon-Mandalay motorway and its extension, and other projects in agriculture and irrigation.
Win Aung invests in tourism and opened Ngwe Hsaung beach.
Thein Tun
Originally from Wakema Township, Irrawaddy Division. Thein Tun is President of Myanmar Golden Star (MGS) Co, Ltd. One In 1989, Pepsi arrived in Burma through a joint venture with MGS Myanmar Golden Star Co (60%); Pepsi International (40%) withdrew from the country due to international sanctions in 1998; the plant produced Quench, Crusher and Miranda Club Soda. of his sons, Thant Zin Tun is President of the Mandalay Novotel Hotel & the LP Holding Group. Another son is Managing Director of MGS Beverages Co Ltd. His daughter, Mi Mi Tun, is Director MGS Beverages Co Ltd. From 1995, Thein Tun would also manage Tun Foundation Bank.
Maung Weik
He is married to a niece of General Myint Swe, Commander of the Rangoon Division. He founded Maung Weik & Family Co, the largest importer of steel and gilding glue. The company is also developing in the construction sector. In 2004, Maung Weik acquires(transaction validated by Khin Nyunt) 44 acres of Rangoon’s Hlaing Campus (university) for housing construction. Following protests he sold this land to Tay Za. In 2009, he starts exporting marine products. Close to the regime he was arrested for drug trafficking. In 2012 he donated US$100,000 to Shwedagon Pagoda in Rangoon.
Tun Lin
In 1993, he founded PMG Company (Peace Myanmar Group), one of the largest companies in Burma. Its Director, Yang Mao-liang, (Kokang) is the head of the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA). PMG works in the distillery sector (Myanmar Rum and Myanmar Dry Gin since 1993); since 1995 PMG has also produced bottled water and since 1998 Myanmar Whisky.
Yang Mao-liang and his family were regularly involved in drug trafficking. In 1994, Yang Mao-liang’s youngest brother, Yang Mao-Xian, was executed in China for trafficking heroin in Kokang. Yang was considered as the main supplier of heroin to China.
Khin Shwe
Khin Shwe heads the National Development Company Group. He is President of the Myanmar Construction Entrepreneurs Association and the Myanmar Hotelier Association and a considerable number of companies, including Zaykabar Co, which owns 3,000 acres of Mingalardon Garden City, 1,000 acres of Yangon Industrial Park, owns the Royal Mingaladon Golf and Country Club, Zaykabar Engineering & Construction Co. Mya Yeik Nyo Royal Hotel Group, Karaweik Palace, Kandawgyi Nature Park and Recreation Zone, and Myanmar Sampeorna Tobacco Co.
In 1978, it wa i,volved in 75 projects, 46 of which were government contracts: Shell Access Roads and Croft Exploration (UK), Sedona Hotel, YKK Golden Hill Tower and Marina Residential.. In 1995, he creates a joint venture with Indonesia.
In 2004, Khin Shwe starts a project for a residential complex, ASEAN site in 2006. He signs an agreement with China and Thailand.. He is President of the Myanmar-Japan Friendship Association, the Myanmar-Korean Friendship Association and the Myanmar Thai Development Co. He participated in the National Convention and criticized Aung San Suu Kyi.. When Khin Nyunt was arrested, an investigation was opened into his relations with the former prime minister.
After the 2010l elections, Khin Shwe won a seat in the upper house. In 2011, the expropriated farmers of Shwe Na Thar (Mingaladon) took the Zaykabar company to court to recover land seized in 2010 (338 hectares) in the Rangoon industrial zone. Part of the farmers received 300,000 Kyats (300 euros) in compensation, but they want to keep their land. Mid 2011, the houses were destroyed. According to U Nay Myo Wai, President of the Peace and Diversity Party that supports farmers, the law “Law of Rental Lands for Cultivation (1963) protects farmers from expropriation and establishes that citizens have no right to do anything other than farming on arable land” which is not the case with Zaykabar. In May 2012, the Zaykabar Society began to destroy the village of Shwenanthar.
Ne Win Tun
Director of Ruby Dragon Jade and Gems Co, he is the right-hand man of Aung Kham Hti, leader of the Pa-O National Organization (PNO). He has a shopping center specialized in stones. In 1991, after the ceasefire agreement, the PNO created the Jade Dragon Co Ltd, of which a subsidiary is Ruby Dragon Jade & Gems Co Ltd, led by Nay Win Tun), involved in the gold and precious stone mines in Mong Hsu (Shan State), Pha Khant and Tawmaw (Kachin State), Kawlin and Khamti (Sagaing Division) and Mogok).
In 2004, he created Ruby Winery Factory in Nyaung Shwe (a distillery). In 2005, he built the Dragon Cement Factory in Tigyit, Shan State. In 2007, he opened the Ruby Jade Hotel Resort and Spa in Rangoon.
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